Is the fetus a patient? Medical models of the relationship between a pregnant woman and an unborn child (in Polish)

Main Article Content

Kazimierz Szewczyk

Abstract

The paper traces the factors which promote a change in the relationship model between a pregnant woman and a fetus, from a complex one-patient medical model into a two-patient model. In the second model, as its name suggests, the prenatal phases of human life gain the moral status of an independent patient. Such an approach has adverse effects on a pregnant woman; these effects are mentioned in my polemic with Susan Mattingly. In the second part of the paper I analyze the attempt to offer a theoretical justification of the status of fetus as a patient taken up by Frank Chervenak and Laurence McCullough, in which the elements of the complex one-patient medical model of a pregnant woman and a fetus are preserved. My analysis shows the failure of such an approach.

Article Details

How to Cite
“Is the Fetus a Patient? Medical Models of the Relationship Between a Pregnant Woman and an Unborn Child (in Polish)”. 2012. Diametros, no. 32 (June): 110-30. https://doi.org/10.13153/diam.32.2012.480.
Section
Special topic – Bioethics and genetics
Author Biography

Kazimierz Szewczyk, Medical University of Lodz

Kazimierz Szewczyk, professor
Medical University of Lodz
Pl-90-131 Łódź
ul. Lindleya 6
kazimierz_szewczyk@onet.eu

How to Cite

“Is the Fetus a Patient? Medical Models of the Relationship Between a Pregnant Woman and an Unborn Child (in Polish)”. 2012. Diametros, no. 32 (June): 110-30. https://doi.org/10.13153/diam.32.2012.480.
Share |

References

Brown [2008] – S.D. Brown, “Fetus as Patient”: A Critique, “American Journal of Bioethics” (7) 2008.

Cahill [1999] – H. Cahill, An Orwellian Scenario: Court Ordered Caesarean Section and Women’s Autonomy, “Nursing Ethics” (6) 1999.

Chervenak, McCullough [1996] – F.A. Chervenak, L.B. McCullough, The Fetus as a Patient: An Essential Ethical Concept for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, “Journal of Maternal Fetal Medicine” (3) 1996.

Chervenak, McCullough, Levine [2007] – F.A. Chervenak, L.B. McCullough, M.I. Levine, An Ethically Justified, Clinically Comprehensive Approach to Peri-Viability: Gynecological, Obstetric, Perinatal and Neonatal Dimensions, “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” (1) 2007.

Dickens, Cook [2003] – B.M. Dickens, R.J. Cook, Ethical and Legal Approaches to “the Fetal Patient”, “International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics” (2) 2003; dostępne na stronie: http://www.fygo.dk/files/ukursus/foetal/2008/fetal%20rights

%20ethics%20and%20law%20I%20J%20gyn-obstet%202003.pdf.

Dworkin [1994] – R. Dworkin, Life’s Dominion. An Argument About Abortion, Euthanasia, and Individual Freedom, Vintage Books, New York 1994.

European Court of Human Rights [2011] – European Court of Human Rights, Case of R.R. v. Poland, no application 27617/04, Strasbourg 2011; dostępne na stronie: http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?action=html&documentId=885774&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumber&table=F69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649.

Federacja na rzecz Kobiet i Planowania Rodziny [2011] – Federacja na rzecz Kobiet i Planowania Rodziny, Stanowisko w sprawie wyroku Europejskiego Trybunału praw człowieka w sprawie R.R. przeciwko Polsce, Warszawa, 26 maja 2011; dostępne na stronie: http://federa.org.pl/dokumenty_pdf/centrumprasowe/stanowisko_wy rok_sprawa_RR.pdf.

Gillon [2003] – R. Gillon, Ethics Needs Principles – Four Can Encompass the Rest – and the Respect for Autonomy Should Be “First Among Equals”, “Journal of Medical Ethics” (5) 2003.

Health Council of the Netherlands [2009] – Health Council of the Netherlands, Care for Unborn Child, Centre for Ethics and Health, Hague 2009; dostępne na stronie: http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/200901E.pdf.

Heyd [1992] – D. Heyd, Genethics. Moral Issues in the Creation of People, University of California Press, Berkeley 1992; dostępne na stronie: http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft309nb1nd&brand=ucpress.

Jonsen [2003] – A.R. Jonsen, The Birth of Bioethics, Oxford University Press, New York 2003.

Lyerly, Little, Faden [2008] – A.D. Lyerly, M.O. Little, R.R. Faden, A Critique of the “Fetus as Patient”, “American Journal of Bioethics” (7) 2008.

Mattingly [1992] – S. Mattingly, The Maternal-Fetal Dyad: Exploring the Two-Patient Obstetric Model, “Hastings Center Report” (1) 1992; dostępne na stronie: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go2103/is_n1_v22/ai_n28611453/.

McCullough, Chervenak [2008] – L.B. McCullough, F.A. Chervenak, A Critical Analysis of the Concept and Discourse of “Unborn Child”, “American Journal of Bioethics” (7) 2008.

Nowacka [2003] – M. Nowacka, Etyka a transplantacje, WN PWN, Warszawa 2003.

Silverman [1981] – W.A. Silverman, Mismatched Attitudes About Neonatal Death, “Hastings Center Report” (6) 1981.

Strong [2008] – C. Strong, Do Embryonic “Patients” Have Moral Interests?, “American Journal of Bioethics” (7) 2008.

Strong [2011] – C. Strong, Moral Status and the Fetus: Continuation of a Dialogue, “American Journal of Bioethics” (5) 2011.

Syweńki i et al. [2008] – E. Syweńki et al., Płód jako pacjent – rys historyczny, „Perinatologia, Neonatologia i Ginekologia” (4) 2008; dostępne na stronie: http://www.ptmp.pl/png/png1z4_2008/pngz14-12.pdf.

Szewczyk [2002] – K. Szewczyk, Bioetyka kulturowa wobec sporu o aborcję, [w:] Narodziny i śmierć. Bioetyka kulturowa wobec stanów granicznych życia ludzkiego, red. M. Gałusz- ka, K. Szewczyk, WN PWN, Warszawa 2002, s. 60-109.

Szewczyk [2009] – K. Szewczyk, Bioetyka. Pacjent w systemie opieki zdrowotnej, WN PWN, Warszawa 2009.

Szewczyk [bdw. a.] – K. Szewczyk (opracowanie), Kazus Janusza Świtaja, Interdyscyplinarne Centrum Etyki, Bioetyka/etyka medyczna – spis kazusów; dostępne na stronie: http://www.incet.uj.edu.pl/dzialy.php?l=pl&p=31&i=3&m=27&n=1&z=&kk=134&k=47.

Szewczyk [bdw.b.] – K. Szewczyk, Śmierć pacjentki w połogu – komentarz, Interdyscyplinarne Centrum Etyki, Bioetyka/etyka medyczna – spis kazusów; dostępne na stronie: http://www.incet.uj.edu.pl/dzialy.php?l=pl&p=31&i=3&m=27&n=2&z=&kk=11 9&k=15.

Wasserman [2005] – D.T. Wasserman, The Nonidentity Problem. Disability, and the Role Morality of Prospective Parents, “Ethics” (1) 2005.

Z. przeciwko Polsce [2008] – Z. przeciwko Polsce, Wniosek nr 46132/08 do Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka, z dnia 16.09.2008; dostępne na stronie: http://www.federa.org.pl/dokumenty_pdf/Strasburg2/Strasburg2009PL.pdf.