When Did Darwin Lose his Faith in God? (in Polish)

Article Sidebar

PDF (Polish) Full text (Polish)
Published: Jun 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.13153/diam.48.2016.890
Keywords:
Annie Darwin, Emma Darwin, Charles Darwin, atheism, Christianity

Main Article Content

Grzegorz Malec
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

Abstract

This article is an attempt to define the exact date of Charles Darwin’s loss of faith in God. The English naturalist and evolutionist in his early stages of life was definitely a theist. The author claims that the first doubts concerning the Creator’s existence appeared on board of the HMS Beagle. After returning from his expedition, Darwin dedicated himself to the work on the notes he collected. In these notes Darwin claimed that morality is nothing more than useful behavior transmitted by generations and faith is only an effect of a religious upbringing.  According to the author, at the turn of the 1830s. and 1840s. Darwin had already had serious doubts concerning the truthfulness of the Christian doctrine. Finally, Darwin lost his faith after the death of his beloved daughter on 23 April 1851.

Article Details

How to Cite
“When Did Darwin Lose His Faith in God? (in Polish)”. 2016. Diametros, no. 48 (June): 38-54. https://doi.org/10.13153/diam.48.2016.890.
Issue
No. 48 (2016)
Section
Articles

By submitting his/her work to the Editorial Board, the author accepts, upon having his/her text recommended for publication, that Diametros applies the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license to the works we publish. Under this license, authors agree to make articles legally available for reuse, without permission or fees. Anyone may read, download, copy, print, distribute or reuse these articles without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author, as long as the author and original source are properly cited. The author holds the copyright without any other restrictions. Full information about CC-BY: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.

Author Biography

Grzegorz Malec, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

Grzegorz Malec, MA
Institute of Philosophy
University of Zielona Góra
al. Wojska Polskiego 71A,
Pl-65-762 Zielona Góra
E-mail: malecgrzegorz@yahoo.pl

How to Cite

“When Did Darwin Lose His Faith in God? (in Polish)”. 2016. Diametros, no. 48 (June): 38-54. https://doi.org/10.13153/diam.48.2016.890.
Share |
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

Aveling [1883] – E. Aveling, The Religious Views of Charles Darwin, Freethought Publishing Company, London 1883, URL = http://tiny.pl/hrmzm [24.1.2014].

Aydon [2002] – C. Aydon, Charles Darwin, Constable & Robinson Ltd, London 2002.

Berra [2009] – T.M. Berra, Charles Darwin: The Concise Story of an Extraordinary Man, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2009.

Bowlby [1990] – J. Bowlby, Charles Darwin: A New Life, W.W. Norton & Company, New York – London 1990.

Browne [1995] – J. Browne, Charles Darwin: Voyaging, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1995.

Browne [2008] – J. Browne, Darwin o powstawaniu gatunków: biografia, tłum. P. Jastrzębiec, Warszawskie Wydawnictwo Literackie MUZA SA, Warszawa 2008.

Browne [2008] – J. Browne, Spas and Sensibilities: Darwin at Malvern, „Medical History” (34/10) 1990 (Supplement), s. 102–113.

Bylica [2008] – P. Bylica, Darwin o celowości w przyrodzie, „Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki” (53/3-4) 2008, s. 259–273.

Colp Jr. [1977] – R. Colp Jr., To Be an Invalid: The Illness of Charles Darwin, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago – London 1977.

Darwin [1911] – Ch. Darwin, Autobiography, [w:] The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, F. Darwin (ed.), vol. I, D. Appleton & Company, New York – London 1911, s. 25–86.

Darwin [1838a] – Ch. Darwin, Notebook C, [w:] Charles Darwin's Notebooks, 1836–1844, P.H. Barrett, P.J. Gautrey, S. Herbert, D. Kohn, S. Smith (eds.), Cornell University Press, New York 1987, s. 237–328.

Darwin [1838b] – Ch. Darwin, Notebook D, [w:] Charles Darwin's Notebooks, 1836–1844, P.H. Barrett, P.J. Gautrey, S. Herbert, D. Kohn, S. Smith (eds.), Cornell University Press, New York 1987, s. 329-394.

Darwin [1838c] – Ch. Darwin, Notebook M, [w:] Charles Darwin's Notebooks, 1836–1844, P.H. Barrett, P.J. Gautrey, S. Herbert, D. Kohn, S. Smith (eds.), Cornell University Press, New York 1987, s. 517-560.

Darwin [1838-1839] – Darwin K., Notebook N, [w:] Charles Darwin's Notebooks, 1836–1844, P.H. Barrett, P.J. Gautrey, S. Herbert, D. Kohn, S. Smith (eds.), Cornell University Press, New York 1987, s. 561–596.

Darwin [1851] – Ch. Darwin, Memorial of Anne Elizabeth Darwin, Darwin Correspondence Project, URL = http://tiny.pl/qf2ng [8.1.2014].

Darwin [1958] – F. Darwin, Reminiscences of My Father's Everyday Life [w:] The Autobiography of Charles Darwin and Selected Letters, F. Darwin (ed.), Dover Publications, New York 1958, s. 70–109.

Darwin [1960a] – K. Darwin, Autobiografia i wybór listów, tłum. A. Iwanowska, A. Krasicka, J. Połtowicz, S. Skowron, t. VIII, „Biblioteka Klasyków Biologii”, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, Warszawa 1960.

Darwin [1960b] – K. Darwin, Dobór płciowy, tłum. K. Zaćwilichowska, t. V, „Biblioteka Klasyków Biologii”, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, Warszawa 1960.

Darwin [1951] – K. Darwin, Podróż na okręcie Beagle, tłum. K.W. Szarski, Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 1951.

de Beer [1965] – G. de Beer, Charles Darwin: A Scientific Biography, „The Natural History Library”, Anchor Books, New York 1965.

Desmond, Moore [1991] – A. Desmond, J. Moore, Darwin: The Life of a Tormented Evolutionist, W.W. Norton & Company, New York – London 1991.

Fenner, Egger, Gagneux [2009] – L. Fenner, M. Egger, S. Gagneux, Annie Darwin’s Death, The Evolution of Tuberculosis and The Need for Systems Epidemiology, „International Journal of Epidemiology” (38/6) 2009, s. 1425–1428.

Foote [1889] – G.W. Foote, Darwin on God, Progressive Publishing Company, London 1889.

Frame [2009] – T. Frame, Evolution in the Antipodes: Charles Darwin and Australia, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney 2009.

Healey [2001] – E. Healey, Emma Darwin: The Inspirational Wife of a Genius, Headline, London 2001.

Herbert [2009] – D. Herbert, Charles Darwin's Religious Views: From Creationist to Evolutionist, Joshua Press, Guelph 2009.

Himmelfarb [1959] – G. Himmelfarb, Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution, „The Norton Library”, W.W. Norton & Company, New York 1959.

Hodge [1874] – Ch. Hodge, What Is Darwinism?, Scribner, Armstrong, and Co., New York 1874.

Jalland [1996] – P. Jalland, Death in the Victorian Family, Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York 1996.

Jodkowski [2001] – K. Jodkowski, Darwin i konserwatyzm, „Na Początku…” (7-8) 2001, s. 237–251, URL = http://tiny.pl/hwwr6 [24.1.2014].

Jodkowski [2000] – K. Jodkowski, Dlaczego ewolucjonizm prowadzi do ateizmu, [w:] Poznanie. Człowiek. Wartości, J. Dębowski, M. Hetmański (red.), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2000, s. 65–76, URL = http://tiny.pl/6cb4 [24.1.2014].

Jodkowski [1998] – K. Jodkowski, Metodologiczne aspekty kontrowersji ewolucjonizm-kreacjonizm, „Realizm. Racjonalność. Relatywizm”, t. 35, Wyd. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 1998.

Jodkowski [1999] – K. Jodkowski, Naturalizm ewolucjonizmu a wiara religijna. Przypadek Darwina, „Przegląd Religioznawczy” (1) 1999, s. 17–34, URL = http://tiny.pl/hww9h [24.1.2014].

Jodkowski [2010] – K. Jodkowski, Teologiczne poglądy Darwina, [w:] Ewolucja, filozofia, religia, D. Leszczyński (red.), „Lectiones & Acroases Philosophicae” (3) 2010, s. 59–84.

Jodkowski [2003] – K. Jodkowski, Twarde jądro ewolucjonizmu, „Roczniki Filozoficzne” (51/3) 2003, s. 77–117, URL = http://tiny.pl/bppk [24.1.2014].

Keynes [2002] – R. Keynes, Darwin, His Daughter, and Human Evolution, Riverhead Books, New York 2002.

Levine [2006] – G. Levine, Darwin Loves You: Natural Selection and the Re-enchantment of the World, Princeton University Press, Princeton – Oxford 2006.

Litchfield [1915] – H. Litchfield (ed.), Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Letters 1792–1896, vol. II, D. Appleton & Company, New York 1915.

Mayr [1991] – E. Mayr, One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1991.

Moore [2010] – J. Moore, O tym, że przyjęcie teorii ewolucji zmusiło Karola Darwina do porzucenia chrześcijaństwa, do którego powrócił na łożu śmierci, tłum. M. Romanek, [w:] Wyrok na Galileusza i inne mity o nauce i religii, R.L. Numbers (red.), Centrum Myśli Jana Pawła II, Warszawa 2010, s. 195-206.

Moore [1989] – J.R. Moore, Of love and death: Why Darwin „gave up Christianity”, [w:] History, Humanity and Evolution: Essays for John C. Greene, J.R. Moore (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge – New York 1989, s. 195–230.

Paley [1881] – W. Paley, Natural Theology, American Tract Society, New York 1881.

Pennock [1999] – R.T. Pennock, Tower of Babel: The Evidence against the New Creationism, The MIT Press – A Bradford Book, Cambridge – London 1999.

Phipps [2002] – W.E. Phipps, Darwin's Religious Odyssey, Trinity Press International, Harrisburg 2002.

Pleins [2013] – J. David Pleins, The Evolving God: Charles Darwin on the Naturalness of Religion, Bloomsbury, New York – London 2013.

Quammen [2006] – D. Quammen, The Reluctant Mr. Darwin: An Intimate Portrait of Charles Darwin and the Making of His Theory of Evolution, „Great Discoveries”, Atlas Books – W.W. Norton & Company, New York – London 2006.

Radziwolski [1979] – Z. Radziwolski, Nauka i religia o pochodzeniu człowieka i powstawaniu życia na Ziemi, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 1979.

Ruse [2008] – M. Ruse, Charles Darwin, „Blackwell Great Minds”, Blackwell Publishing, Malden – Oxford – Carlton 2008.

Ruse [2005] – M. Ruse, The Evolution-Creation Struggle, Harvard University Press, Cambridge – London 2005.

Sagan [2008] – D. Sagan, Spór o nieredukowalną złożoność układów biochemicznych, „Biblioteka Filozoficznych Aspektów Genezy”, t. 5, MEGAS, Warszawa 2008.

Sedgwick [1860] – A. Sedgwick, Objections to Mr. Darwin's Theory of the Origin of Species, „The Spectator” 1860 (April 7), [w:] But Is It Science? The Philosophical Question in the Creation/Evolution Controversy, M. Ruse (ed.), Prometheus Books, New York 1996.

Silvertown [2009] – J. Silvertown, An Orchard Invisible: A Natural History of Seeds, University of Chicago Press, Chicago – London 2009.

Spencer [2009] – N. Spencer, Darwin and God, SPCK, London 2009.

Spencer [n.d.] – N. Spencer, Darwin’s Religious Beliefs, The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion, URL = http://tinyurl.com/q4td4ms [6.10.2015].

Stefoff [1996] – R. Stefoff, Charles Darwin: And the Evolution Revolution, Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York 1996.

van Wyhe, Pallen [2012] – J. van Wyhe, M.J. Pallen, The „Annie Hypothesis”: Did the Death of His Daughter Cause Darwin to „Give up Christianity”?, „Centaurus” (54/2) 2012, s. 106–123.

White, Gribbin [1998] – M. White, J. Gribbin, Darwin: żywot uczonego, tłum. H. Pawlikowska-Gannon, „Na Ścieżkach Nauki”, Prószyński i S-Ka, Warszawa 1998.

Wiker [2009a] – B. Wiker, The Darwin Myth: The Life and Lies of Charles Darwin, Regnery Publishing, Washington 2009.

Wiker [2009b] – B. Wiker, What Were Darwin’s Religious Views, Discovery Institute, URL = http://tiny.pl/hw76n [24.1.2014].

Zimmer [2003] – C. Zimmer, Evolution. The Triumph of an Idea: from Darwin to DNA, Arrow Books, London 2003.

Życiński [1990] – J. Życiński, U źródeł biologii niearystotelesowskiej, [w:] Dylematy ewolucji, M. Heller, J. Życiński, Polskie Towarzystwo Teologiczne, Kraków 1990, s. 29–39.

List Emmy Darwin do Karola Darwina z lutego 1839 roku, [w:] The Correspondence of Charles Darwin: 1837–1843, F. Burkhardt, S. Smith. (eds.), vol. II, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1986, s. 171–173.

List Karola Darwina do Emmy Darwin z 17 kwietnia 1851 roku, tłum. T. Opalińska, [w:] Karol Darwin: listy wybrane, F. Burkhardt (red.), „Klasycy Nauki”, Prószyński i S-Ka, Warszawa 1999, s. 191.

List Karola Darwina do Emmy Darwin z 18 kwietnia 1851 roku, URL = http://tiny.pl/q1xjb [24.1.2014].

List Karola Darwina do Emmy Darwin z 20 kwietnia 1851 roku, tłum. T. Opalińska, [w:] Karol Darwin: listy wybrane, F. Burkhardt (red.), „Klasycy Nauki”, Prószyński i S-Ka, Warszawa 1999, s. 191–193.

List Karola Darwina do Emmy Darwin z 21 kwietnia 1851 roku, URL = http://tiny.pl/q1xpx [24.1.2014].

List Karola Darwina do Emmy Darwin z 23 kwietnia 1851 roku, tłum. T. Opalińska, [w:] Karol Darwin: listy wybrane, F. Burkhardt (red.), „Klasycy Nauki”, Prószyński i S-Ka, Warszawa 1999, s. 194.

List Karola Darwina do Williama Darwina Foxa z 27 marca 1851 roku, URL = http://tiny.pl/qf2dg [8.1.2014].

List Karola Darwina do Williama Darwina Foxa z 29 kwietnia 1851 roku, URL = http://tiny.pl/qf24l [8.1.2014].

List Karola Darwina do Williama Darwina Foxa z 3 października 1856 roku, URL = http://tiny.pl/qf8lc [8.1.2014].