The ethics of scientific social research. Between codification, institutionalization, and research practice
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The last decade has seen the progressive codification and institutionalization of research ethics in the social sciences. More and more codes of ethics are being established to standardize rules for the ethical conduct of research, together with the creation of ethics committees to control research projects. Behind the codification and institutionalization of social science research ethics is, among other things, the belief that codes and ethics committees will make a significant contribution to the ethical conduct of researchers and protect research subjects, especially participants, from harm. In this article I argue that this is not enough, as both researchers and ethics committees should be guided by moral imagination in their ethical decisions.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By submitting his/her work to the Editorial Board, the author accepts, upon having his/her text recommended for publication, that Diametros applies the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license to the works we publish. Under this license, authors agree to make articles legally available for reuse, without permission or fees. Anyone may read, download, copy, print, distribute or reuse these articles without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author, as long as the author and original source are properly cited. The author holds the copyright without any other restrictions. Full information about CC-BY: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.
How to Cite
References
American Psychological Association (2017), Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, URL = https://www.apa.org/ethics/code [dostęp 08.11.2022].
Bauman Z. (2012), Etyka ponowoczesna, tłum. J. Bauman, J. Tokarska-Bakir, Aletheia, Warszawa.
Christians C.G. (2009), Etyka i polityka w badaniach jakościowych, tłum. P. Pluciński, [w:] Metody badań jakościowych, t. 1, N.K. Denzin, Y.S. Lincoln (red.), Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa: 207–244.
Connor J., Copland S., Owen J. (2018), The Infantilized Researcher and Research Subject: Ethics, Consent and Risk, „Qualitative Research” 18 (4): 400–415.
Cymbrowski B., Rancew-Sikora D. (2016), Od redaktorów: Dylematy etyczne i ryzyko w badaniach terenowych, „Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej” 12 (3): 6–21.
Dingwall R. (2008), The Ethical Case Against Ethical Regulation in Humanities and Social Science Research, „Twenty-First Century Society” 3 (1): 1–12.
Fitzgerald M.H. (2005), Punctuated Equilibrium, Moral Panics and the Ethics Review Process, „Journal of Academic Ethics” 2 (4): 315–338.
Galewicz W. (2009), O etyce badań naukowych, „Diametros” 19: 48–57.
Gibson S., Benson O., Brand S.L. (2013), Talking About Suicide: Confidentiality and Anonymity in Qualitative Research, „Nursing Ethics” 20 (1): 18–29.
Grzymski J. (2017), Przemiany uniwersytetu w ramach „kultury audytu”. Przyczynek do studium relacji władzy i form kontroli nad nauką oraz szkolnictwem wyższym, „Studia Politologiczne” 46: 198–217.
Guillemin M., Gillam L. (2004), Ethics, Reflexivity, and „Ethically Important Moments” in Research, „Qualitative Inquiry” 10 (2): 261–280.
Hammersley M. (2009), Against the Ethicists: On the Evils of Ethical Regulation, „International Journal of Social Research Methodology” 12 (3): 211–225.
Hedgecoe A. (2008), Research Ethics Review and the Sociological Research Relationship, „Sociology” 42 (5): 873–886.
Hoonaard W.C. (2001), Is Research – Ethics Review a Moral Panic?, „The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology” 38 (1): 19–36.
Interdyscyplinarny Zespół Badań nad Dzieciństwem (2018), Kodeks dobrych praktyk w badaniach z dziećmi prowadzonych z perspektywy nauk społecznych, [w:] Dzieci i zdrowie. Wstęp do childhood studies, Magdalena Radkowska-Walkowicz, Maria Reimann (red.), Oficyna Naukowa Warszawa, Warszawa: 27−34.
Iphofen R. (2009), Ethical Decision-Making in Social Research: A Practical Guide, Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Israel M., Hay J. (2006), Research Ethics for Social Scientists: Between Ethical Conduct and Regulatory Compliance, Sage, London.
Israel M. (2020), Organizing and Contesting Research Ethics. The Global Position, [w:] Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity, R. Iphofen (red.), Springer, Cham: 51–65.
Jennings S. (2012), Response to Schrag: What are Ethics Committees for Anyway? A Defence of Social Science Research Ethics Review, „Research Ethics” 8 (2): 87–96.
Johnson M. (1993), Moral Imagination: Implications of Cognitive Science for Ethics, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Kaczmarek A., Karzełek L., Kowalska J. (2015), Opinie członków Polskiego Towarzystwa Socjologicznego na temat Kodeksu Etyki Socjologa, „Societas/Communitas” 19–20 (1–2): 295–300.
Kiragu S., Warrington M. (2013), How We Used Moral Imagination to Address Ethical and Methodological Complexities While Conducting Research With Girls in School Against the Odds in Kenya, „Qualitative Research” 13 (2): 173–189.
Kołakowski L. (1967), Etyka bez kodeksu, [w:] L. Kołakowski, Kultura i fetysze. Zbiór rozpraw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa: 139–173.
Lahman M.K.E. (2018), Ethics in Social Science Research. Becoming Culturally Responsive, Sage, Los Angeles.
Lazari-Pawłowska I. (1992), Etyki zawodowe jako role społeczne, [w:] Etyka. Pisma wybrane, P.J. Smoczyński (red.), Ossolineum, Wrocław: 84–91.
LeCompte M.D., Schensul J.J. (2015), Ethics in Ethnography. A Mixed Methods Approach, Altamira Press, Lanham.
Librett M., Perrone D. (2010), Apples and Oranges: Ethnography and the IRB, „Qualitative Research” 10 (6): 729–747.
Lincoln Y.S., Tierney W.G. (2004), Qualitative Research and Institutional Review Boards, „Qualitative Inquiry” 10 (2): 219–234.
Melrose M. (2011), Regulating Social Research: Exploring the Implications of Extending Ethical Review Procedures in Social Research, „Sociological Research Online” 16 (2): 49–58.
Narvaez D., Mrkva K. (2014), Creative Moral Imagination, [w:] The Ethics of Creativity, S. Moran, D.H. Cropley, J.C. Kaufman (red.), Palgrave MacMillan, New York: 25–45.
Polskie Towarzystwo Historii Mówionej (2018), Rekomendacje etyczne Polskiego Towarzystwa Historii Mówionej, URL = http://pthm.pl/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/PTHM_rekomendacje-etyczne.pdf [dostęp 27.10.2022].
Polskie Towarzystwo Psychologiczne (1991), Kodeks etyczny psychologa, URL = https://psych.org.pl/dla-psychologow/kodeks-etyczny [dostęp 08.11.2022].
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne (2012), Kodeks etyki socjologa, URL = http://pts.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/kodeks.pdf [dostęp: 27.10.2022].
Rajtar M. (2020), Koncepcja „vulnerability” a etyka badawcza i polityki zdrowotne w kontekście chorób rzadkich, „Przegląd Socjologiczny” 69 (3): 107–127.
Sabati S. (2019), Upholding “Colonial Unknowing” Through the IRB: Reframing Institutional Research Ethics, „Qualitative Inquiry” 25 (9–10): 1056–1064.
South African San Institute (2017), Kodeks etyczny Sanów [San Code of Research Ethics], URL = http://www.globalcodeofconduct.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/San-Code-of-RESEARCH-Ethics-Booklet_English.pdf [dostęp 27.10.2022].
Schrag Z. (2011), The Case Against Ethics Review in the Social Sciences, „Research Ethics” 7 (4): 120−131.
Shore C., Wright S. (1999), Audit Culture and Anthropology: Neoliberalism in British Higher Education, „Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute” 5 (4): 557–575.
Shore C., Wright S. (2015), Governing by Numbers: Audit Culture, Rankings and the New World Order, „Social Anthropology” 23 (1): 22–28.
Small R. (2001), Codes are Not Enough: What Philosophy Can Contribute to the Ethics of Educational Research, „Journal of Philosophy of Education” 35 (3): 387–406.
Surmiak A. (2019), Komisje etyczne dla badań społecznych w Polsce. Perspektywa socjologów i antropologów społeczno-kulturowych, „Studia Socjologiczne” 4 (235): 157–182.
Surmiak A. (2022), Etyka badań jakościowych w praktyce. Analiza doświadczeń badaczy w badaniach z osobami podatnymi na zranienie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa.
Sutrop M., Parder M.L., Juurik M. (2020), Research Ethics Codes and Guidelines, [w:] Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity, R. Iphofen (red.), Springer, Cham: 67–89.
Walczak-Duraj D. (2017), Przyczyny deficytów i dylematów etycznych w badaniach naukowych, „Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym” 20 (1): 17–32.
Werhane P.H. (1999), Moral Imagination and Management Decision Making, Oxford University Press, New York.
Wiles R., Crow G., Charles V., Heath S. (2007), Informed Consent and the Research Process: Following Rules or Striking Balances?, „Sociological Research Online” 12 (2): 99–110.
Woroniecka G. (2014), Kodeks etyczny w socjologii – wybrane problemy, [w:] Idee – Historia – Społeczeństwo, M. Fuszara, W. Pawlik (red.), Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa: 240–254.