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Russian Philosophy :
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Pochvennichestvo
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Pochvennichestvo
[Native Soil conservatism] The view held by thinkers and writers associated with the journals ‘Vremya’ (1861–1863) and ‘Epokha’ (1864–1865) issued in Petersburg and edited by the brothers Dostoevskii. Apart from the editors, the group consisted of a reviewer with a philosophical bent A. Grigor’ev, the philosopher N. Strakhov, the writers D. Averkiev and V. Krestovskii, the publisher A. Razin and others. Pochvennichestvo was a continuation and development of the views of ‘The Young Editorial Board’ of the journal ‘Moskvityanin’ and mainly reflected the ideas which Grigor’ev adhered to in the 1850s concerning the national character of Russian literature. The intended goal of the Pochvenniki was to bring about some kind of reconciliation in their divided society. It was to be a reconciliation among fractions of the intelligentsia, and between the intelligentsia and common people. The idea of reconciliation was contained in the slogan propagating the intelligentsia’s ‘return to the Native Soil’. It meant the return to traditional values, whose main observers were, it was believed, the common people and the middle class (burgers and merchants). The Pochvenniki took up the views of their spiritual predecessors, that is Slavophiles of the 1830–40s. According to them it was Peter I who was to blame for the divisions in society and for introducing western ways into the education and upbringing of young noblemen. That led to the ‘severing from the Soil’ of that part of the society which was to be the precursor of the intelligentsia as a social class. The emancipation of the serfs (1861) closed, in the opinion of the Pochvenniki, the age of Peter I, which was a period of division. The intelligentsia, therefore, should have been made aware of themselves being cut off from the rest of the people, a ‘return to the Native Soil’, and a merger with the nation. On the other hand, the common people should be educated, so that there would be no need to give up the blessings of civilization which had already been imported from the West. The reconciliation among members of the intelligentsia itself was to be based on the recovery of Russian values shared by both Westernism and Slavophilism.
As an anti-occidental idea Pochvennichestvo was adhered to by, among others, the so called Village writers – Derevenshchiki (V. Rasputin, V. Belov and others) and also by A. Solzhenitsyn. The Native Soil is for them a symbol of Russian nationality. The contemporary Pochvenniki consider communism a Western idea and the Soviet Union a negation of the Russian national character. The onus of restoring the traditional Russian values, which are still alive among common people and country people in particular, has now been placed on the intelligentsia after the downfall of the Soviet Union.
(A. de L.) tłum. Olga Edelson
[Достоевский Ф.] Объявление о подписке на журнал „Время” на 1861 год (1860); Объявление о подписке на журнал „Время” на 1863 год (1862).
Достоевский Ф., Речь о Пушкине (1880).
Григорьев А., Нигилизм в искусстве (1862);
Наши литературные направления с 1848 года (1863);
Парадоксы органической критики. Письма к Ф. М. Достоевскому (1864).
Страхов Н., Из истории литературного нигилизма (1861–1865);
Бедность нашей литературы (1868);
Борьба с Западом в нашей литературе [статьи разных лет].
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| Books
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Богданов А. - Почвенничество.
Политическая
философия А. А.
Григорьева, Ф. М.
Достоевского, Н.
Н. Страхова
, Москва 2001 |
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Виттакер Р. - П оследний
русский
романтик:
Аполлон
Григорьев (1822-1864 гг.)
, С.-Петербург 2000 |
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Лазари А.де - В кругу Федора
Достоевского.
Почвенничество
, Москва 2004 - ( J.S., ) |
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Нечаева В. - Ж урнал М. и Ф.
Достоевских
„Время”
, Москва 1972 - ( J.S., ) |
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Нечаева В. - Журнал М. и Ф.
Достоевских
„Эпоха”
, Москва 1975 - ( J.S., ) |
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Носов С. - Аполлон
Григорьев.
Судьба и
творчество
, Москва 1990 - ( J.S., ) |
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Янов A. - Русская идея и 2000-й
год
, New York 1988 - ( J.S., ) |
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Chances E. - The Ideology of ‘PocÂhÂÂvennichestvo’ in Dostoevskii’s JourÂnals
‘Vremya’ and ‘Epokha’
Princeton University, 1972 - ( A.de L., ) |
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Dowler W. - Dostoevsky, GriÂgor’Âev, and Native Soil ConserÂvatism
, Toronto 1982 - ( A.de L., ) |
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Dowler W. - An Unnecessary Man: The Life of Apollon Grigor'ev
, Toronto 1995 - ( A.de L., ) |
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Epstein M. - The Russian PhiloÂsophy of National Spirit: Conservatism and Traditionalism
, Washington 1994 - ( A.de L., ) |
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Gerstein L. - Nikolai StraÂkhov. PhiÂlosopher, Man of Letters, Social CriÂtic
, Cambridge 1971 - ( A.de L., ) |
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Thaden E. - Conservative NaÂtioÂnalism in Nineteenth-Century
, Seattle 1964 - ( A.de L., ) |
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Назаров М. - Западники и
почвенники, или
Рассечение
двуглавого
орла
, „Наш современник” (9) 1990 - ( J.S., ) |
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Mathyl M. - Die russisch-nationale Rechte von 1968 bis zum Ende der Sowjetunion: eine Diskursanalyse
, „The Slavonic and East European Review“ (80/2) 200 - ( A.de L., ) |
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