The Economics of Altruism: On the Rationality of Prosocial Behaviour (in Polish)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper presents considerations on altruism and prosocial behaviour formulated on the basis of some experiments with the ultimatum game. In the first part it will discuss relations between expected utility theories, the characteristics of homo oeconomicus and a modern understanding of altruism. It will focus in particular on conceptual differences, indicating that we can find more than one definition of altruism in modern literature. The second part of the text will provide an overview of selected behavioural theories of prosocial behaviour. It will also present the manner in which needs, social determinants, norms, and individual psychological features affect the propensity to behave in a prosocial fashion.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Aguiar F., Brañas-Garza P., Miller L.M. (2008), Moral distance in dictator games, „Judgment and Decision Making” 3 (4): 344–354.
View in Google Scholar
Akerlof G.A. (2002), Behavioral macroeconomics and macroeconomic behavior, „The American Economic Review” 92 (3): 411–433.
View in Google Scholar
Akerlof G.A., Kranton R.E. (2000), Economics and Identity, „The Quaterly Journal of Economics” 115 (3): 715–753.
View in Google Scholar
Akerlof G.A., Kranton R.E. (2010), Identity Economics. How our identities shape our work, wages, and well-being, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
View in Google Scholar
Andreoni J., Bernheim B.D. (2009), Social image and the 50–50 norm: A theoretical and experimental analysis of audience effects, „Econometrica” 77 (5): 1607–1636.
View in Google Scholar
Ariely D., Bracha A., Meier S. (2009), Doing Good or Doing Well? Image Motivations and Monetary Incentives in Behaving Prosocially, „American Economic Review” 99 (1): 544–555.
View in Google Scholar
Bénabou R., Tirole J. (2003), Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, „Review of Economic Studies” 70: 489–520.
View in Google Scholar
Bénabou R., Tirole J. (2006), Incentives and Prosocial Behavior, „The American Economic Review” 96 (5): 1652–1678.
View in Google Scholar
Blount S. (1995), When Social Outcomes Aren’t Fair: The Effect of Causal Attributions on Preferences, „Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes” 63 (2): 131–144.
View in Google Scholar
Bolton G.E., Ockenfels A. (2000), ERC: A Theory of Equity, Reciprocity, and Competition, „The American Economic Review” 90 (1): 166–193.
View in Google Scholar
Bolton G.E., Ockenfels A. (2005), A stress test of fairness measures in models of social utility, „Economic Theory” 25: 957–982.
View in Google Scholar
Brañas-Garza P. (2006), Poverty in dictator games: Awakening solidarity, „Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization” 60: 306–320.
View in Google Scholar
Burnham T.C. (2003), Engineering altruism: a theoretical and experimental investigating of anonimity and gift giving, „Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization” 50: 133–144.
View in Google Scholar
Burnham T.C., McCabe K., Smith V.L. (2000), Friend-or foe intentionality priming in an extensive form trust game, „Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization” 43: 57–73.
View in Google Scholar
Camerer C. (1997), Progress in Behavioral Game Theory, „The Journal of Economic Perspectives” 11 (4): 167–188.
View in Google Scholar
Camerer C. (2003), Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
View in Google Scholar
Camerer C., Loewenstein G. (2002), Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, Future, [w:] Advances in Behavioral Economics, C. Camerer, G. Loewenstein, M. Rabin (red.), Princeton University Press, Princeton: 3–51.
View in Google Scholar
Charness G., Rabin M. (2002), Understanind social preferences with simple tests, „The Quaterly Journal of Economics” 8: 817–869.
View in Google Scholar
Cherry T.L., Frykblom P., Shogren J.F. (2002), Hardnose the Dictator, „The American Economic Review” 92 (4): 1218–1221.
View in Google Scholar
Consilk J. (1996), Why Bounded Rationality?, „Journal of Economic Literature” 34 (2): 669–700.
View in Google Scholar
Damasio A. (1999), Błąd Kartezjusza. Emocje, rozum i ludzki mózg, tłum. M. Karpiński, Dom Wydawniczy Rebis, Poznań 1999.
View in Google Scholar
Dixit A.K, Nalebuff B.J. (2009), Sztuka strategii. Teoria gier w biznesie i życiu prywatnym, tłum. D. Gasper, MT Biznes, Warszawa.
View in Google Scholar
Eckel C.C., Grossman P.J. (1996a), The relative of fairness: gender differences in punishment game, „Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization” 30: 143–158.
View in Google Scholar
Eckel C.C., Grossman P.J. (1996b), Altruism in Anonymous Dictator Games, „Games and Economic Behavior” 16: 181–191.
View in Google Scholar
Edgeworth F.Y. (1881), Mathematical Psychics. An Essay on the Application of Mathematics to the Moral Sciences, C. Kegan Paul & Co., Londyn.
View in Google Scholar
Elster J. (1998), Emotions and Economic Theory, „Journal of Economic Literature” 36 (1): 47–74.
View in Google Scholar
Falk A., Fehr E., Fischbacher U. (2003), On the nature of fair behavior, „Economic Inquiry” 41 (1): 20–26.
View in Google Scholar
Fehr E., Schmidt K.M. (1999), Theory of Fairness, Competition and Cooperation, „The Quaterly Joournal of Economics” 5: 817–868.
View in Google Scholar
Forsythe R., Horowitz J.L., Savin N.E. (1994), Fairness in Simple Bargaining Experiments, „Games and Economic Behavior” 6 (3): 347–369.
View in Google Scholar
Frohlich N., Oppenheimer J., Moore J.B. (2001), Some doubts about measuring self-interest using dictator experiments: the costs of anonymity, „Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization” 46: 271–290.
View in Google Scholar
Gauthier D. (1974), The Impossibility of Rational Egoism, „The Journal of Philosophy” 71 (14): 439–456.
View in Google Scholar
Gauthier D. (1975), Reason and Maximization, „Canadian Journal of Philosophy” 4 (3): 411–433.
View in Google Scholar
Gauthier D. (1986), Morals by Agreement, Oxford University Press, New York.
View in Google Scholar
Gintis H. (2009), The Bounds of Reason. Game Theory and the Unification of the Behavioral Sciences, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2009.
View in Google Scholar
Guala F., Mittone L. (2010), Paradigmatic experiments: The Dictator Game, „The Journal of Socio-Economics” 39 (5): 578–584.
View in Google Scholar
Güth W., Schmittberger R., Schwarze B. (1982), An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining, „Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization” 3 (4): 367–388.
View in Google Scholar
Henrich J., Boyd R., Bowles S., Camerer C., Fehr E., Gintis H., McElreath R. (2001), In Search of Homo Economicus: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-Scale Societies, „American Economic Review” 91 (2): 73–78.
View in Google Scholar
Henrich J., Boyd R., Bowles S., Camerer C., Fehr E., Gintis H. (2004), Foundations of Human Sociality. Economic Experiments and Ethnographic Evidence from Fifteen Small-Scale Societies, Oxford University Press, Nowy Jork.
View in Google Scholar
Henrich J., Heine S.J., Norenzayan A. (2010), The weirdest people in the world?, „Behavioral and Brain Sciences” 33 (2–3): 61–135.
View in Google Scholar
Hoffman E., McCabe K., Smith V.L. (1996), Social Distance and Other-Regarding Behavior in Dictator Games, „The American Economic Review” 86 (3): 653–660.
View in Google Scholar
Ingram J.K. (1888), A History of Political Economy, Adam & Charles Black, London.
View in Google Scholar
Kahneman D., Knetsch J.L., Thaler R.H. (1986a), Fairness and the Assumptions of Economics, „Journal of Business” 59 (4): 285–300.
View in Google Scholar
Kahneman D., Knetsch J.L., Thaler R.H. (1986b), Fairness as a Constraint on Profit Seeking: Entitlements in the Market, „The American Economic Review” 76 (4): 728–741.
View in Google Scholar
Kahneman D., Tversky A. (1979), Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk, „Econometrica” 47 (2): 263–291.
View in Google Scholar
Kuniński M. (2010), Sprawiedliwość globalna: szlachetny ideał czy rzetelna teoria?, „Diametros” 26: 136–153.
View in Google Scholar
Meier S. (2007), A Survey of Economics Theories and Field Evidence on Pro-Social Behavior, [w:] Economics and Psychology. A Promising New Cross-Disciplinary Field, B.S. Frey, A. Stutzer (red.), The MIT Press, Cambridge (MA): 51–88.
View in Google Scholar
Mill J.S. (1836), On the Definition of Political Economy; and on the Method of Investigation Proper to It, London and Westminister Review.
View in Google Scholar
Mittone L., Ploner M. (2012), Asset Legitimacy and Distributive Justice in the Dictator Game: An Experimental Analysis, „Journal of Behavioral Decision Making” 25 (2): 135–142.
View in Google Scholar
Mullainathan S., Thaler R.H. (2000), Behavioral economics, „NBER Working Paper Series” 7948, The National Bureau of Economic Research: 1–13.
View in Google Scholar
Nagel T. (1970), The Possibility of Altruism, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
View in Google Scholar
Persky J. (1995), Retrospectives: The Ethology of Homo Economicus, „Journal of Economic Perspective” 9 (2): 221–231.
View in Google Scholar
Polowczyk J. (2010), Elementy ekonomii behawioralnej w dziełach Adama Smitha, „Ekonomista” 4: 493–522.
View in Google Scholar
Rabin M. (1993), Incorporating Fairness into Game Theory and Economics, „The American Economic Review” 83 (5): 1281–1302.
View in Google Scholar
Rabin M. (1998), Psychology and Economics, „Journal of Economic Literature” 36 (1): 11–46.
View in Google Scholar
Rabin M. (2002), A perspective on psychology and economics, „European Economic Review” 46 (4–5): 657–685.
View in Google Scholar
Rawls J. (2009), Teoria sprawiedliwości, tłum. M. Panufnik, J. Pasek, A. Romaniuk, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa.
View in Google Scholar
Ruffle B.J. (1998), More Is Better, But Fair Is Fair: Tipping in Dictator and Ultimatum Games, „Games and Economic Behavior” 23 (2): 247–265.
View in Google Scholar
Sachs J.L., Mueller U.G., Wilcox T.P., Bull J.J. (2004), The evolution of cooperation, „The Quaterly Review of Biology” 79 (2): 135–160.
View in Google Scholar
Sally D., Hill E. (2006), The development of interpersonal strategy: Autism, theory of mind, cooperation and fairness, „Journal of Economic Psychology” 27 (1): 73–97.
View in Google Scholar
Sen A. (1977), Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory, „Philosophy and Public Affairs” 6 (4): 317–344.
View in Google Scholar
Sen A. (2009), The Idea of Justice, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
View in Google Scholar
Simon H. (1955), A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice, „The Quaterly Journal of Economics” 69 (1): 99–118.
View in Google Scholar
Smith A. (1989), Teoria uczuć moralnych, tłum. D. Petsch, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa.
View in Google Scholar
Solek A. (2010), Ekonomia behawioralna a ekonomia neoklasyczna, „Zeszyty Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Ekonomicznego” 8: 21–34.
View in Google Scholar
Szarzec K. (2014), Model homo oeconomicus w teorii makroekonomii głównego nurtu, [w:] Dokonania współczesnej myśli ekonomicznej: racjonalność, efektywność, etyka, U. Zagóra-Jonszta, R. Pęciak (red.), Wydawnictwo EU w Katowicach, Katowice: 195–204.
View in Google Scholar
Thaler R.H. (2000), From Homo Economicus to Homo Sapiens, „Journal of Economic Perspectives” 14 (1): 133–141.
View in Google Scholar
Zabdyr-Jamróz M. (2015), The Veil of Ignorance and Solidarity in Healthcare: Finding Compassion in the Original Position, „Diametros” 43: 79–95.
View in Google Scholar
Zizzo D.J. (2011), Do Dictator Games Measure Altruism?, „CBESS Discussion Paper” 11–15: 1–9.
View in Google Scholar